Direct Speech (Direct sentence) is a
sentence of words spoken by the speaker directly.
Indirect Speech (Indirect sentence) is
a sentence spoken-word katansi to report the speaker to others. So, Indirect
Speech (Reported Speech) is used when we want to report the words of one person
to another indirectly.
`Direct & Indirect Speech consists
of 3 types:
I.
Statement
II.
Command
III.
Question
The
changes that need to be from Direct to Indirect Speech:
1. To
be & Auxiliary Verbs
|
Direct
Speech
|
Indirect
Speech
|
|
Am/is/are
|
Was/Were
|
|
Shall/will
|
Should/Would
|
|
Can
|
Could
|
|
May
|
Might
|
|
Must
|
|
|
Have/Has to
|
Had to
|
|
Ought to
|
|
|
Direct
Speech
|
Indirect
Speech
|
|
Now
|
Then
|
|
Tomorrow
|
The Following Day
|
|
Next Week
|
The Following Week
|
|
Tonight
|
That Night
|
|
Today
|
That Day
|
|
Yesterday
|
The Day Before
|
|
Last Night
|
The Night Before
|
|
Last Week
|
The Week Before
|
|
Here
|
There
|
|
This
|
That
|
|
These
|
Those
|
|
Direct
Speech
|
Indirect
Speech
|
|
Simple Present
|
Simple Past
|
|
Simple Past
|
Past Perfect
|
|
Present perfect
|
Past Perfect
|
|
Present continuous
|
Past Continuous
|
|
Present perfect
continuous
|
past perfect continuous
|
|
Simple future
|
past future
|
I.
Statement
In
Indirect Statement we use that word (that) as a liaison between the
introductory sentence (introduce phrases) and the words reported (reported
words). Introductory sentences in indirect statement is:
He
said
He
said to me that + reported words
He
told me
Ex
:
·
My sister said to me “I don’t like
tennis”
·
My sister said to me that she didn’t
like tennis.
·
Tom said “I didn’t go to school this
morning”
·
Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school
that morning.
If the introductory sentence in the form
of Simple Present Tense, the sentence that reported no change.
·
My brother says “I met Tom at the party last
night”
·
My brother says that he met Tom at the party
last night.
·
Tom says “I don’t like English”
·
Tom says that he don’t like English.
II.
Command
Command was divided into two (2) parts :
1. Positive
Command
In order to add to our positive
in front of the command line, as a liaison between the introductory sentence and
orders were reported. Introductory sentences in these types are:
to + infinitive
He asked me
He told me
Ex :
·
He asked me "Open your book"
·
He asked me to open my book.
·
Mary told me "Stop talking to Jane"
·
Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
2.
Negative Command
In negative commands us not to add the commands are
reported.
Ex :
·
Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”
·
Mary told John not to wait for her.
·
I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone”
·
I told him not to mention it to anyone.
III.
Question
When the question directly
(direct question) use question words such as; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How,
etc., then these words are used as intermediaries in reported Speech. Questions
were reported berubaha be a positive form. Introductory sentence is:
positive Form
He asked me When
When,
etc.
Ex :
·
He asked me : “How will you go there ?”
·
He asked me how I would go there.
·
John asked the girl : “What is your name ?”
·
John asked the girl what her name was.
When the question was not
directly asked to use words, and only the question in the form of "Yes and
No Question", then we use the words if, Whether (if, if) as a liaison
between the introductory sentences and questions were reported.
Ex :
·
We asked them : “Will you go to the movie with
us tonight ?”
·
We asked them whether they would go to the movie
with us that night.
·
Mother asked John : “Are you going to marry her
?”
·
Mother asked John if he was going to marry her.
Example Sentence :
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
|
Simple Present She said, "I always drink coffee" |
Simple
Past She said that she always drank coffee |
|
Simple Past He said, "Bill arrived on Saturday" |
Past
Perfect He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday |
|
Present Perfect He told me, "I have been to Spain" |
Past
Perfect He told me that he had been to Spain |
|
Present Continuous He explained, "I am reading a book" |
Past
Continuous He explained that he was reading a book |
|
Present Perfect Continuous They complained, "We have been waiting for hours" |
Past
Perfect Continuous They complained that they had been waiting for hours |
|
Future He said, “I will be in Geneva on Monday” |
Present
conditional He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday |
Referensi :
